Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Is Sandy a Threat To the DMV?

Hurricane Sandy, which rapidly intensified over the past 24 hours, is currently in the Caribbean and moving north and northeast between 10-15mph. It's forecast to continue this northward movement over the next few days toward the Outer Banks of North Carolina (see graphic below), but the forecast becomes highly uncertain after that.


A couple of the forecast models that I use on a daily basis provide a 10-day (120 hour) forecast. It's not uncommon for the models to deviate wildly once you get beyond 5 days, especially when there's a powerful storm in the mix. This is where we find ourselves with Sandy's track next week.
Take a look at the GFS forecast for 6Z Tuesday (2:00am on October 30th):
Look closely; you can see that the DMV is on the front side of a large U-shaped trough (marked with light yellow lines). This trough indicates a relative low point in the atmospheric thickness. In this case, the "thickness" is how deep the atmosphere is between the 1000mb and 500mb pressure levels. A low thickness is typically a sign of a cold atmosphere. The "critical thickness" line (shown in a solid yellow line) is often used to forecast snowfall. Notice that we are in the "snow zone" on this model map! However, the moisture is nowhere near our area, so we can conclude that the GFS is not predicting snow for our area as of now. However, the GFS is predicting a chilly and windy Tuesday... a big contrast to today's gorgeous weather.
The European model is starkly different. You can see that the Euro is predicting Sandy will retrograde; that is, it will move westward once it gets further north. This would result in heavy, flooding rain and tropical storm-force winds.
Another really important difference: the critical thickness line is hundreds of miles further west on the Euro than on GFS. Temperatures through a vertical atmospheric column above the DC Metro area will be way too warm for snow. So, while this model certainly predicts a very messy Tuesday for us, it would just be a rain event.
In summary: As of now, the 2 main long-range forecast models I use have very different ideas on Sandy's track. This also means very different ideas for our weather forecast at the beginning of next week. The GFS model predicts a cold, windy, but fairly dry forecast; the European model predicts a milder, but much wetter forecast. Both models bring very windy conditions to our area, but neither model predicts snow in our forecast.

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